What finish is typically used for protective coating on woodworking projects?

Varnish is commonly used as a protective coating for woodworking projects because it forms a hard, durable finish that protects the wood from moisture, dirt, and wear. It contains resins that provide a tough surface, enhancing the natural beauty of the wood while also offering excellent protection against scratches and environmental factors. Varnish comes in various sheens, from matte to high gloss, allowing for a range of aesthetic choices.

While paint can also provide a protective layer, it typically covers the wood and may not showcase its natural beauty as effectively as varnish. Stain, on the other hand, enhances the color and grain of the wood but does not offer a strong protective barrier unless it is combined with a topcoat. Oil finishes can penetrate the wood and offer some protection, but they usually do not provide the same level of durability and surface hardness as varnish, often needing more frequent reapplication.