Birch, alder, beech, and cherry are all:

The correct answer identifies these types of wood as closed-grained species. Closed-grained woods, like birch, alder, beech, and cherry, have a fine texture and tighter grain pattern. This characteristic tends to make them more suitable for smooth finishes and intricate details in cabinetry and millwork.

Closed-grained woods generally feature small pores that are less visible, giving a smoother surface that is ideal for applications such as furniture and cabinetry where aesthetics are a priority. The density and fine grain structure of these woods provide added strength, making them desirable in both functional and visual design aspects.

In contrast, open-grained woods, such as oak or ash, exhibit a more pronounced grain pattern with larger visible pores, which can create a different aesthetic and may require specific finishing techniques to maintain their appearance. Softwoods, commonly from conifer trees, differ significantly from hardwoods in terms of density and grain structure, focusing more on flexibility and ease of handling rather than the refined properties of closed-grained hardwoods.